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Teachers' Resource Web Rhetorical Schemes and Tropes Schemes Parallelism: similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses (pg. 463) Isocolon: similarity not only of structure but of length (464) Antithesis: the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, often in parallel structure (464) Anastrophe: inversion of the natural or usual word order (466) Parenthesis: insertion of some verbal unit in a position that interrupts the normal syntactical flow of the sentence (467) Apposition: placing side by side two co-ordinate elements, the second of which serves as an explanation or modification of the first (468) Ellipsis: deliberate omission of a word or of words which is readily implied by the context (469) Asyndeton: deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series (469) Polysyndeton: deliberate use of many conjunctions (470) Alliteration: repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words (471) Assonance: repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words (472) Anaphora: repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses (472) Epistrophe: repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends of successive clauses (473) Epanalepsis: repetition at the end of a clause of the word that occurred at the beginning of the clause (474) Anadiplosis: repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause (475) Climax: arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance (476) Antimetabole: repetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order (477) Chiasmus: reversal of grammatical structures in successive clauses (but no repetition of words) (478) Polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root (478) Tropes Metaphor: implied comparison between two things of unlike nature (479) Simile: explicit comparison between two things of unlike nature (479) Synecdoche: figure of speech in which a part stands for the whole (480) Metonymy: substitution of some attributive or suggestive word for what is actually meant (481) Antanaclasis: repetition of a word in two different senses (482) Paronomasis: use of words alike in sound but different in meaning (482) Syllepsis: use of a word understood differently in relation to two or more other words, which it modifies or governs (483) Anthimeria: the substitution of one part of speech for another (484) Periphrasis (antonomasis): substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name or of a proper name for a quality associated with the name ((485) Personification (prosopesis): investing abstractions for inanimate objects with human qualities or abilities (485) Hyperbole: the use of exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect (486) Litotes: deliberate use of understatement (487) Rhetorical question: asking a question, not for the purpose of eliciting an answer but for the purpose of asserting or denying something obliquely (488) Irony: use of a word in such a way as to convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning of the word (489) Onomatopoeia: use of words whose sound echoes the sense (490) Oxymoron: the yoking of two terms which are ordinarily contradictory (491) Paradox: an apparently contradictory statement that nevertheless contains a measure of truth (492) From Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, Second Edition.
New York, 1971. Edward Corbett.
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